Polymer nanocomposites
Wacław Królikowski*, Zbigniew Rosłaniec** *Politechnika Szczecińska, Instytut Polimerów, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin **Politechnika Szczecińska, Instytut Inżynierii Materiałowej, al. Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin
Annals 4 No. 9, 2004 pages 3-15
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abstract Polymer composites are important commercial materials with good mechanical and thermal properties dependent on interface interaction and aspect ratio of fillers. In recent years, polymer-nanoparticle composite materials have attracted the interest of a number of researchers, due to their synergistic and hybrid properties derived from several components. Nanocomposites are a new class of composites with small contents of nanoscale size fillers and excellence properties. Polymer nanocomposites with 3D, 2D and 1D nanoparticles size have been reviewed. First parts of papers contents of introductions and short information on ceramic nanoparticles. The aspect of disintegration, agglomeration and distribution of nanoparticles in polymer matrix (Fig. 1) and polymer-nanofiller interactions were discussed (Fig. 2). The contents of interface and forces of interface interaction (Fig. 3) are very important factors in physical properties of nanocomposites. The silica layered (clay) (2D) and clay based nanocomposites have been showed by the graphic models (Figs. 4, 5) and schematic of intercalation and defoliation processes (Figs. 6, 7). The structure of clay/polymer type of nanocomposites, their properties and application dependent on modification method and contents of the silica layered nanofillers (Tab. 2, Figs. 9-11) have been presented. In next part of papers, the structure and properties (Figs. 13, 14) of 1D nanofillers as carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes have been characterized. Methods of surface modification of single wall carbon nanotubes and multi wall carbon nanotubes were reviewed. The properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites and possibilities their applications have been presented (Figs. 15, 16). Key words: polymer nanocomposites, nanopowders, silica layered, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers